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Groningen
Grunn(en) (Gronings) | |
|---|---|
City and municipality | |
Gasunie building Grote Markt Square Groningen City Theater Aa Church/Korenbeurs | |
.svg) Location in Groningen | |
  Groningen Location within the Netherlands  Groningen Location within Europe | |
| Coordinates: 53°13′08″N 06°34′03″E / 53.21889°N 6.56750°E | |
| Country |  Netherlands |
| Province | Groningen |
| City Hall | Groningen City Hall |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal council |
| • Mayor | Koen Schuiling (VVD) |
| Area | |
• Municipality | 197.96 km2 (76.43 sq mi) |
| • Land | 185.60 km2 (71.66 sq mi) |
| • Water | 12.36 km2 (4.77 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Population (January 1st 2023) | |
• Municipality | 244 807[1] |
| • Density | 1,257/km2 (3,260/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 216,655 |
| • Metro | 360,748 |
| Demonym(s) | Groninger, Stadjer |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 9700–9747 |
| Area code | 050 |
| Website | gemeente |
 | |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
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Groningen (/ˈɡroʊnɪŋən/ GROH-ning-ən, UK also /ˈɡrɒnɪŋən/ GRON-ing-ən;[5][6] Dutch: [ˈɣroːnɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Gronings: Grunn or Grunnen [ˈχrʏnn̩]) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of the country;[7][8] as of January 2025, it had 244,807 inhabitants[9], making it the sixth largest city/municipality in the Netherlands and the second largest outside the Randstad. The Groningen metropolitan area has a population of over 360,000.
Groningen was established more than 980 years ago and gained city rights in 1245.[10] Due to its relatively isolated location from the then successive Dutch centres of power (Utrecht, The Hague, Brussels), Groningen was historically reliant on itself and nearby regions. As a Hanseatic city, it was part of the North German trade network, but later it mainly became a regional market centre. At the height of its power in the 15th century, Groningen could be considered an independent city-state and it remained autonomous until the late 18th century, when it was incorporated into the Napoleonic Batavian Republic.[11]
Today Groningen is a university city, home to some of the country's leading higher education institutes; University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), which is the Netherlands's second oldest university, and Hanze University of Applied Sciences (Hanzehogeschool Groningen).[12] Students comprise an estimated 25% of its total population, making it the country's demographically youngest city.[13]
- ^ "AlleCijfers Groningen". allecijfers.nl.
- ^ "Burgemeester" [Mayor] (in Dutch). Gemeente Groningen. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Postcodetool for 9712HW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Groningen". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "Groningen" Archived 1 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Groningen". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "Minicruises to Groningen". Holland Norway Lines. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Groningen: Small City, Full of Life". University of Groningen. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ AlleCijfers - Groningen population data
- ^ "Stadsrechten in Groningen en Drenthe". 24 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ van de Broek, Jan (2007). Groningen, een stad apart : over het verleden van een eigenzinnige stad (1000-1600). Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum. p. 71.
- ^ administrator. "Study in Groningen, The Netherlands". Study In Holland. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
- ^ "Groningen: student city". Groningen.nl. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022.